How Socially Useful Is Banking - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1712 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? For many companies in the real estate property development, the cost of construction equipment constitute the single most largest cost that can not be factored in to the final property price. Under current economic conditions, especially with respect to the housing market, developers must search every avenue for opportunities to minimize costs and maximize returns. Property developers have three basic options for meeting construction equipment needs needs: purchase the needed equipment, lease the needed equipment, or custom hire. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How Socially Useful Is Banking" essay for you Create order Custom hire may work well for certain jobs, but often does not allow the amount of control many operations require. Like purchasing, leasing allows the real estate developer to maintain control of the timeliness and quality of the work conducted on their operation. Therefore real estate developer should evaluate leasing versus purchasing based on the economic opportunities that each provides. Discussion: Most leases consist of four basic components: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Periodic payment ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Length of lease ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Amount of use (hours, miles, etc.) ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Residual Under a standard lease agreement, the lessee (real estate developer) agrees to pay the lessor (bank, credit corporation, dealer, etc.) a specified amount (payment) at certain intervals over a certain length of time. Three-year leases with annual payments are very common, but any arrangement is possible. The lease will generally specify the amount of annual use permitted under the base contract. The amount needed to purchase the equipment at the end of the lease is the residual. Any and all of the components are negotiable. Lease arrangements are based on an initial price for the equipment. As with purchases, developers should negotiate the best deal possible, then consider whether to lease or purchase based on the negotiated price. Just as a lower negotiated price lowers the costs associated with a purchase, a lower negotiated price lowers the costs associated with a lease. Once the initial price has been established, the components of the lease can be finalized. Ideally for a real estate developer the lease agreement should be such that it fits their projects needs. It is imperative for the developer to evaluate the lease contracts for use levels above and below the expected use in order to determine the most economic level. The length of the lease should be determined by the needs of the project at hand. Consideration should be given to the length of time the equipment will be needed, the ability or desire to operate machinery past warranty, planned changes in the project (termination, expansion, etc.), and residual value. The residual is often the confusing part of a lease. The residual is the amount owed on the equipment at the end of the lease. Generally, the lessee may purchase the equipment for the residual value. The lease will often be designed so the residual is equal to the expected appraised value of the machinery at the end of the lease. The periodic lease payments will reflect the amount of the equipment used up during the lease term. Therefore, additional costs associated with excessive wear (hours, miles, etc.) or abuses over and above those designated in the base lease are usually quite expensive. Of course, the residual and the lease payments reflect a lease factor or discount rate. This discount rate may or may not be consistent with the interest rate of a purchase. If the desire is to purchase the equipment after the lease period, then the lessee may try to negotiate a lower residual as a result of higher payments. Depending on an individuals tax situation, this may be an attractive option; however, the tax man will not allow tax credits for leases if up front consideration is given to purchasing. Cost comparison example: When an asset is leased, the lessee loses the tax benefits of depreciation and interest associated with purchasing. However, the real estate developer can still deduct the full amount of the lease payment from taxable income as an operating expense. Determining which alternative provides the greater tax benefit is where the decision becomes most complicated. As a precaution, be sure to consult your accountant before signing a lease. There are a variety of leases, and many ways to interpret them for tax purposes. Most tax benefits associated with leasing and purchasing occur in the future. Therefore, the net cost of each alternative should be analyzed in terms of present dollars. Net present value (NPV) techniques can be used to compare the two options. In other words, the question of whether to lease or borrow can be answered by comparing the present values of the net cash outflows of lease payments and loan payments. In a lease versus purchase decision, the option with the lowest ne t present value of expense should be chosen. Choosing between Leasing and Purchasing: Getaway Real estate developers pay corporate tax at the rate of 40%. They need to purchase construction equipment to expand their business given they are still a small start up. Getaway employs the Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MARCS) 150% declining balance method to compute depreciation. The construction equipments costs $1,250,000 and have a life of seven years. Getaway could either borrow and buy the equipments or lease them. Since insurance, taxes, fees and normal maintenance costs apply whether the equipment is leased or purchased, this are ignored in the analysis. Buy and borrow option; For this option, the underlying assumption is that Getaway will borrow the funds from a financial institution. The interest rate applicable is 8.75% and the financial institution requires a down payment of 25% to finance the deal. The repayment period will be for the life of the equipment-seven (7) years. Given that interest is a tax-deductable expense, it is necessary to calculate the annual interest that accrues on the borrowed money. Thus the yearly loan payment is calculated on the basis of equal loan and principal payments. Lease option; Getaway can get a lease contract for an annual payment of $208,440. This yearly payment was derived from a lease factor of 0.16675 provided by the lessor. Additionally, the terms put the lease time frame to be seven (7) years with a ten (10) percent residual at the end of the lease. The NPV of the lease expenditure-construction equipment; Year Tax Payment Cash Benefit PIVF Outflows PV of Cash @ 5% Outflows 0 208,440.00 208,440.00 1.000 208,440.00 1 208,440.00 97,133.00 111,307.00 0.952 105,964.26 2 208,440.00 97,133.00 111,307.00 0.907 100,955.45 3 208,440.00 97,133.00 111,307.00 0.864 96,169.25 4 208,440.00 97,133.00 111,307.00 0.823 91,605.66 5 208,440.00 97,133.00 111,307.00 0.784 87,264.69 6 208,440.00 97,133.00 111,307.00 0.746 83,035.02 7 125,000.00 97,133.00 27,867.00 0.711 19,813.44 Totals 1,584,080.00 679,931.00 904,149.00 793,247.77 The tax benefit of lease payments is given in column 3 and is arrived at by multiplying the lease payments in column 2 with the tax rate (46.6%). The Cash outflow in column 4 is the lease payment less the tax benefit. A present value of 5% is used to discount the cash outflows. Note that 5 percent is the after-tax cost of borrowing at 8.75 percent (8.75 % x (1- 0.466) = 5%). The reason for using 5 percent for the after-tax cost of borrowing is that the cash outflows include the tax benefit. To avoid counting the tax benefit twice, cash outflows should always be discounted at an after-tax rate, which in this example is about 5 percent. This method of determining to use 5 percent is debatable, but preferred. In some cases, the current rate of inflation is used. The total present value of the lease option is $793,248. NPV (in $) of Purchase with Equal Principal Payments Construction equipment (Loan Amount: $937,500) Year Loan Payment Interest Depreciation Ded. Exp @46.6% Tax Benefit per month Net Loan @ 5% PV Repayment after tax PV of Loan after Tax 0 312,500.00 1.00 312,500.00 1 215,960.00 82,030.00 133,930.00 215,960.00 100,630.00 115,322.60 0.952 109,787.20 2 204,240.00 70,310.00 239,130.00 309,440.00 144,199.00 60,041.00 0.907 54,457.20 3 192,520.00 58,590.00 187,880.00 246,470.00 114,855.00 77,665.00 0.864 67,102.50 4 180,800.00 46,880.00 153,130.00 200,010.00 93,204.70 87,595.30 0.823 72,091.00 5 169,080.00 35,160.00 153,130.00 188,290.00 87,743.10 81,336.90 0.784 63,768.10 6 157,370.00 23,440.00 153,130.00 176,570.00 82,281.60 75,088.40 0.746 56,015.90 7 145,650.00 11,720.00 153,130.00 164,850.00 76,820.10 68,829.90 0.711 48,938.10 1,578,120.00 328,130.00 1,173,460.00 1,501,590.00 699,733.50 565,879.10 784,660.00 NPV (in $) of Purchase with Equal Payments Center Pivot (Loan Amount: $937,500) Year Loan Payment Interest Depreciation Ded. Exp @46.6% Tax Benefit per month Net Loan @ 5% after Tax PV Re-payment PV of Loan after Tax 0 312,500.00 1.000 312,500.00 1 184,710.00 82,030.00 133,930.00 215,960.00 100,637.40 84,072.60 0.952 80,037.20 2 184,710.00 73,050.00 239,130.00 312,180.00 145,475.90 39,234.10 0.907 35,585.30 3 184,710.00 63,280.00 187,880.00 251,160.00 117,040.60 67,669.40 0.864 58,466.40 4 184,710.00 52,650.00 153,130.00 205,780.00 95,893.50 88,816.50 0.823 73,096.00 5 184,710.00 41,090.00 153,130.00 194,220.00 90,506.50 94,203.50 0.784 73,855.50 6 184,710.00 28,530.00 153,130.00 181,660.00 84,653.60 100,056.40 0.746 74,642.10 7 184,710.00 14,860.00 153,130.00 167,990.00 78,283.30 106,426.70 0.711 75,669.40 1,605,470.00 355,490.00 1,173,460.00 1,528,950.00 712,490.80 580,479.20 783,851.90 Including the down payment in the cash outflows for each loan scenario, total outlay is $1,578,120 and $1,605,470. This establishes the purchase option with the lowest cash outlay. The lease will have seven (7) payments of $208,440. Typically, the first payment is due at signing, which is assumed in this example. Also, as mentioned earlier, the lease includes a residual ($1,250,000) which is 10 percent of the entire principal of $1,250,000. Because center-pivots are used in this discussion, assume that the farmer will pay the residual and thus own the pivot at the end of the lease. Again, paying the residual is optional. If the farmer decided not to pay this, the lessor would retain ownership of the center-pivot. Thus, with the residual payment included, total cash outlay for the lease is $1,584,080. Given the analysis, it would seem obvious that the lease would be preferable to a fully amortized loan and only $5,960 less preferable than a loan with equal principal payments. However, the final decision should be made using the net present value approach. Net Present Value of Loan Payments In NPV of Purchase with Equal Principal Payments table and NPV of Purchase with Equal Payments, column 2 gives the annual loan repayment from which the tax benefit of interest and depreciation should be deducted. The tax benefit, as shown in column 6, is calculated by multiplying the interest and depreciation expenses by the tax rate of 46.6 percent. By subtracting the tax benefit from the annual loan repayment, the loan repayment after tax is shown in column 7. In column 9, the present value of loan repayments has been determined, using the present value interest factor of 5 percent, to obtain a total value of $784,660 for a loan with equal principal payments and $783,852 for a loan with equal payments. As stated earlier, the decision process is: 1. If NPV lease NPV purchase, borrow and buy the equipment. 2. If NPV lease NPV purchase, lease the equipment. Because the present value of the purchase expenditure $784,660 or $783,852 is lower than $793,248 (lease), the purchase option is more economical. XYZ Farms could save as much as $940 in current dollars by purchasing rather than leasing the pivots ($793,248-$783,852=$9,396). Obviously, $9,396 is not a significant savings for this level of investment. However, this analysis has exposed some points for consideration. For example, it is easy to say that the cash expense of the lease option is $2,139 less than a fully amortized loan ($1,605,470-$1,584,080 = $21,390, Column 2 in Tables 1 3). One could also say it would be $596 less expensive to structure a loan with equal principal payments ($1,584,080-$1,578,120 = $5,960). However, simply looking at the cash outlay for each alternative is only scratching the surface. Consideration must be given to the tax benefits of both leasing and purchasing. In the example, purchasing proved to be the best choice over leasing, no matter how the loan payments were structured

E Business Model The Marketing Model - 885 Words

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Barn Burning (644 words) Essay Example For Students

Barn Burning (644 words) Essay Barn BurningIn â€Å"Barn Burning,† Faulkner incorporates several instances of irony. He utilizes thisliterary tool in order to help the development of his characters and to express his ultimatemessage to the readers. Some examples of his use of irony are the unintentional yetinevitable ending of the Snopes family time after time, the similarities and differencesbetween Sarty Snopes and his father, and finally, the two distinct purposes for whichAbner Snopes uses fire. Separately, each is able to contribute to the development of thetwo main characters in the short story. Collectively, they are also able to help Faulknerconvey his personal message that essentially, an individual’s sense of values compriseswho he/she is. The most obvious instance of irony is the uncanny fashion in which each endeavorof the Snopes family concludes every time. To the reader’s knowledge, it is neitherintended nor premeditated that each attempt of the family to make a new start results inthe same outcome. Each struggle is exactly that, yielding the invariable, undesired resultof a barn being engulfed in ravaging flames and the family being forced to search for anew beginning. These trials help Sarty understand that in order to take control of his owndestiny, he must separate himself from his family and venture out on his own. If he everwishes to live a life other than that of a vagabond with no real chance for happiness orstability, he must leave now. Another case of the use of irony is the comparison between Sarty Snopes and hisfather. While they physically resemble each other, their morals could not differ more. Sarty is â€Å"small and wiry like his father (p267, paragraph 7).† However the similaritiesare strictly limited to physical characteristics. The values and principles that the fatherand son embrace reveal the true contrast between the two. Abner allows his emotionsand pride to get the better of him, controlling his actions and making him react in anirrational manner. This tears young Sarty apart because although he wishes to obey andhonor his father, he cannot morally respect Abner and his deeds. Faulkner uses thiscontrast in ideals to help Sarty realize that he is does not want to grow up like his fathernor is he obligated to follow in his footsteps. It helps him to see that he must escape if heever wants to change his way of life. The final example of irony is perhaps the most important and effective. AbnerSnopes uses fire for two very distinct purposes which is the epitome of irony. He usesthe fire in a very destructive manner each time he burns down a barn. This immenseblaze serves no purpose but to keep intact his pride, â€Å"the element of fire spoke to somedeep mainspring of his father’s being,as the one weapon for the preservation ofintegrity (p 270, paragraph 1).† However, when it comes to keeping his family warm,Abner sets only â€Å"a small fire, niggard almost, a shrewd fire (p 270, paragraph 1).† Tospare the warmth of a large fire for his family while setting grand ones for theunnecessary purpose of demolishing a barn seems ridiculous. Abner Snopes clearly hashis priorities out of order. He is too caught up in his own egotism to realize that hisfamily is suffering right before him. Although literally, Abner’s habit is to burn barns,perhaps what he is really burning is th e very bridge his family needs to cross in order toachieve contentment, success, and stability. .u05ab67d1dc3f1ea6da5c0f5a5f15d704 , .u05ab67d1dc3f1ea6da5c0f5a5f15d704 .postImageUrl , .u05ab67d1dc3f1ea6da5c0f5a5f15d704 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u05ab67d1dc3f1ea6da5c0f5a5f15d704 , .u05ab67d1dc3f1ea6da5c0f5a5f15d704:hover , .u05ab67d1dc3f1ea6da5c0f5a5f15d704:visited , .u05ab67d1dc3f1ea6da5c0f5a5f15d704:active { border:0!important; } .u05ab67d1dc3f1ea6da5c0f5a5f15d704 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u05ab67d1dc3f1ea6da5c0f5a5f15d704 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u05ab67d1dc3f1ea6da5c0f5a5f15d704:active , .u05ab67d1dc3f1ea6da5c0f5a5f15d704:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u05ab67d1dc3f1ea6da5c0f5a5f15d704 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u05ab67d1dc3f1ea6da5c0f5a5f15d704 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u05ab67d1dc3f1ea6da5c0f5a5f15d704 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u05ab67d1dc3f1ea6da5c0f5a5f15d704 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u05ab67d1dc3f1ea6da5c0f5a5f15d704:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u05ab67d1dc3f1ea6da5c0f5a5f15d704 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u05ab67d1dc3f1ea6da5c0f5a5f15d704 .u05ab67d1dc3f1ea6da5c0f5a5f15d704-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u05ab67d1dc3f1ea6da5c0f5a5f15d704:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Fibonacci Numbers EssayFaulkner’s message about the importance of individual values and ideals iswell-expressed through â€Å"Barn Burning.† It is clear that Abner lacks both and is thereforeunable to provide for his family and induces his own untimely death. Sarty representsthe hope that could have easily fallen into the footsteps of an overbearing father butinstead was wise enough to realize the fault in Abner’s ways and realign himself. English Essays

Nike Ppt Essay Example

Nike Ppt Essay â€Å"Greeks say when we go to battle and win,we say it is NIKE† INTRODUCTION TO NIKE †¢ Est. in 1960 in Oregon †¢ Phil knight and Bowerman- founder †¢ Started small and now has covered U. S and international markets †¢ Nike is now one of the biggest mfd. Of the world BACKGROUND †¢ Most of the factories are located in Asia including Indonesia,China,Taiwan,India Thailand,Veitnam,Pakistan ,Philippines and Malaysia †¢ Nike outsourcing contracts around 500 factories in 45 countries. Nike currently controls more than 45% of the US sportswear market. Background cont. †¢ The company initially operated as a distributor for Japanese shoe maker Onitsuka Tiger, making most sales at track meets out of Knights automobile. †¢ The companys profits grew quickly, and in 1966, BRS opened its first retail store, located on Pico Boulevard in Santa Monica, California. By 1971, the relationship between BRS and Onitsuka Tiger was nearing an end. ANALYSIS OF CASE STUDY †¢ Child labour †¢ Not satisfying customer needs †¢ Ignorance of mkt. trends Accusations In 1996-1997, Nike was accused of labor violations and human rights abuses in foreign countries (mainly Asian). Contrary Evidences †¢ Thousands of mostly young, female workers in Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Vietnam, China) were being exposed to reproductive toxins and suspected carcinogens. †¢ Some workers were not earning a living wage even though they work oftentimes 12 to 14 hours per day. †¢ Nike workers in Southeast Asia have suffered corporal punishment and corporal abuse. †¢ Nike young female workers have suffered sexual harassment. Nike workers in Southeast Asia have been forced to work overtime in violation of applicable laws. Core issue of Nike NIKE PRATICES CHILD LABOUR †¢ Children are not only the easiest to intimidate, theyre also the cheapest workers. Twelve-year-old Tariq, one of thousands employed in Pakistans soccer ball industry, which produces five million balls a year for the U. S. market, stitches leather pieces in Mahotra. He earns 60 cen ts a ball, and it takes most of a day to make one (Schanberg, 1996: 38). We will write a custom essay sample on Nike Ppt specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nike Ppt specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nike Ppt specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Silgi is only three. Her hands are so tiny she cant handle a scissors. But she started stitching soccer balls recently to help her mother and four sisters. Together they earn 75 cents a day working in their shanty home in Jullundur, India (Sidebar to Life Magazine Story, p 41 NOTE: There is a photo (Source) of a young girl dressed in town and soiled clothing next to the soccer ball clutching a needle and thread. The needle is longer than her fingers. †¢ CONSEQUENCES Nike executives have been targets at public place †¢ Students have pressed administrators and athletic directors to ban products that have been made under â€Å"sweatshop† conditions †¢ In 2002 an individual sued Nike, alleging that the company knowingly made false and misleading statements in its denial of direct participation in abusive labor conditions abroad. REMEDIES †¢ Nike defended, through corporate news releases, full-page ads in major newspapers, and letters to editors †¢ Nike gav e $1. million to the Washington D. C. based Fair Labor Association (FLA) †¢ In 2003, company employed 86 compliance officer †¢ But stigma of past practices remains emblazoned on its image and brand name. Nike’s Responses †¢ Nike responded with†¦ – Press releases – Letters to the newspaper – Personal letters to university presidents and athletic directors – Campus Visits – Independent audit of factories – Speak at conferences COMPILED BY AKRITI JHA DEEPTI SINGH TRIPTI SINGH

Truth Of Juvenile Delinquency Essays - Criminology, Crime, Penology

Truth Of Juvenile Delinquency A movement has taken hold nationally to change the juvenile justice system, and erase any distinction between young offenders and adult criminals. Almost all fifty states have overhauled their juvenile justice laws, allowing more youths to be tried as adults and scrapping long-time protections to help rehabilitate delinquent kids and prevent future crimes. The current debate over juvenile crime is being dominated by two voices: elected officials proposing quick-fix solutions, and a media more intent on reporting violent crimes than successful prevention efforts. Politicians feel that best and easiest solution is to simply lock up youth offenders for long periods of time, and ignore rehabilitation. The most recent studies demonstrate that putting young offenders in adult prisons leads to more crime, higher prison costs, and increased violence. Yet, we are spending more and more on corrections, and less on prevention efforts. Some states spend more on corrections than they do on higher education. The cost of keeping juveniles in prison as compared to putting them into rehabilitation programs is astronomically higher. The Average cost of incarcerating a juvenile for one year is between $35,000 to $64,000. However, the average cost of an intervention program is $4,300 per child a year. Also the effectiveness of prisons to prevent juveniles from becoming repeat offenders is low. Kids, who have already spent time in adult prisons, are far more likely to commit more serious crimes when they are released. Crime prevention programs work and are cost-effective. They have been shown to reduce crime substantially when compared to imprisonment after crimes have been committed. There have many crime prevention programs around the country that have been very successful in helping to reduce juvenile crime. Many states use early intervention programs that are designed to help parents of troubled kids in raising their children. These programs offer strategies and tactics for hel ping supervise and discipline troubled children. This is done because it is believed that one of causes of delinquency is that parents of kids with delinquent tendencies simply don't know what to do with them. This program as well as other similar ones, have been shown to have quite an influence on crime prevention. Media reports on juvenile crime are greatly exaggerated. While some headlines suggested that a ?ticking time bomb? of so-called ?superpredator children? is waiting to explode, the studies show that this is simply not true. Crime level indicators show that the male ?at risk? population will rise over the next decade, but the levels are far from the explosive level that the media would like to suggest. In fact, the levels are lower than those reached in the late 1970's , when the ?at risk? population last peaked. The public also holds greatly distorted views about the prevalence and severity of juvenile crime. Contrary to public perception, the percentage of violent crimes committed by juveniles is low, only 13% of violent crimes are committed by young people. Also, most juvenile arrests have nothing to do with violence. Most kids only go through the juvenile justice system once. Also, most youths will simply out grow delinquent behavior once they mature. The true ?juvenile predator? is actually a rare breed. But the media thrives on sensationalism, so they make it appear that crime is everywhere in order to sell more news papers, or have people watch their broadcast. Juvenile crime does exist and youths do commit violent acts. However, it is not on the scale that many people would like the public to believe. The solution is to this problem is not a simple one and can not be solved by simply putting kids in adult prisons. More effective solutions should be explored and put to use. A movement has taken hold nationally to change the juvenile justice system, and erase any distinction between young offenders and adult criminals. Almost all fifty states h ave overhauled their juvenile justice laws, allowing more youths to be tried as adults and scrapping long-time protections to help rehabilitate delinquent kids and prevent future crimes. The current debate over juvenile crime is being dominated by two voices: elected officials proposing quick-fix solutions, and a media more intent on reporting violent crimes than successful prevention efforts. Politicians

Bulldog Boxer vs Pit Bull Essay Example

Bulldog Boxer vs Pit Bull Essay Example Bulldog Boxer vs Pit Bull Essay Bulldog Boxer vs Pit Bull Essay Essay Topic: Jaws The Boxer vs. The American Staffordshire Terrier Melanie Donaldson EN 1101 Mr. L December 21, 2010 The Boxer vs. The American Staffordshire Terrier What makes these two dogs so similar is that they are two of the top most popular pets in the United States. It been said, that dogs are mans best friend, and because of this, it makes them great companions. These two breeds, the Boxer and the American Staffordshire terrier fit very easily into a family life. When an owner tells his dog that he is a good boy, the dog happily wags its tail. Then, there are those times when an owner has to discipline his dog, the dog, then creeps away with that sad puppy dog look on its face. According to Jill Viers (2009), a dog will love you unconditionally; it will be there till the end. Doesnt it deserve the same when it is truly mans best friend† (para. 6) The Boxer, and the American Staffordshire terrier; both possess the intelligence, muscular strength, and guardian of all dogs; this is what makes both of these two breeds so desirable. For starts, the Boxer and the American Staffordshire terrier were first used for the sport of dog fighting, and bull baiting until it was banned in the early 1900s. According to Angela Harris (2009), â€Å"Bull-baiting is a very old form of entertainment. The blood sport goes as far back as the ancient cultures of the Romans, Greeks, and Egyptians. Bull baiting became very popular in medieval times. This produced a huge demand for dogs that were effective bull baiter â€Å"(para. 1) The Boxer was first breed in the early 19th century, they used them for dog fighting, bull baiting and to run down, hold, large game for their master. The Boxer received their name because of their ability to stand on their hind legs and bat at its opponent, appearing to box with its front paws, hence the name, Boxer. Then, later in Germany, the Boxer became the breed known for their intellect, alertness, and muscular strength. Germany later used them as guard and police dogs because of their alertness. After World War 1, the Boxer came to America, where their popularity grew in the states. Whereas, the American Staffordshire terrier has a similar background as the Boxer, hey also were fighters and bull baiting, until they bred it out of both breeds. According to the American kennel club (2010), Originally called the Bull-and-Terrier Dog, Half and Half or Pit Dog, it became known as the Staffordshire Bull Terrier in England. When accepted for AKC registration in 1936, the name changed to American Staffordshire Terrier to reflect the heavier American type and to distinguish them as separate breed. † (para. 1). The American Sta ffordshire served in World War l, and brought back over to the states. Nevertheless, both breeds are very protective of their family. Therefore, these two breeds are similar in their appearance, and general impression on how the hold themselves. The Boxer is a medium-sized dog, with a strong head and good short back with strong limbs. A Boxer should have a broad and blunt muzzle with a black nose. This gives them their unique look of alertness and character. His well-developed muscles are clean, hard, and appear smooth under this breed tight skin. His movement combines strength and agility with elegance and style. They have a chiseled head, which splits the Boxer unique head imparts. Then, you have those deep, dark brown eyes that offer an intelligent and alert expression. Similarly, the American Staffordshire terrier gives you an impression of great strength for it size, well-put together dog, and extremely strong for its size. Additionally, they have a broad head with a medium length muzzle, and their eyes are dark, round and set deep in their head, with very strong jaws. They should have a very broad and deep chest, with a muscular hindquarter, which makes them a very strong and protective breed of dog with great instincts. This makes them a great guardian, as they will let you know when to beware of strangers; they are a very devoted family dog. In addition, these two breeds also have similar temperance. The Boxer is a very playful, attentive, and a very must a family dog. The Boxer is also very gentle with children, but they do have a tendency for being stubborn, but they also have a sensitive side to them. The Boxer can be aggressive towards strange dogs, but usually they are good with other family pets. The playful spirit of this dog is seen by when it paws at food or at its water dishes when they are empty or even by its love of jumping. The Boxer needs a lot of human companionship, and an active family is best in keeping them out of trouble. Training early on his highly recommended with this breed. As for the American Staffordshire terrier goes, it is also playful, friendly and a great companion for the family. This breed is gentle and loving towards people, as they are good-natured in spirit. They are very protective of their family and their families’ property, but they are normally gentle with children. In addition, with any breeds, early socialization is very important to prevent possible dog aggression. However, a well-trained American Staffordshire terrier can make a wonderful addition to a family with a strong owner. More importantly, when it comes to their health, the Boxers are usually healthy, but because of their limited gene pool, boxers can be more prone to health problems than the American Staffordshire terrier. This is because the Boxers have a much narrower waist than the average dog, which makes them prone to digestive, pancreas, tumors and heart conditions. The Boxer does not do well in the heat or in the cold weather due to their short muzzle and coat. In addition, a Boxer lifespan is about eight to twelve years. Whereas, the American Staffordshire terrier lifespan is twelve to fourteen years and are a lot healthy then the Boxer. The American Staffordshire can be prone to heart murmurs, thyroid problems, skin allergies, tumors, and hip dysplasia. Otherwise, they are a healthy breed. However, as far as grooming and maintenance on these two breeds, it is easy as they both have the small kind of coat. A Boxer’s coat is short and shiny that lies very smooth and tight against their body. So does the American Staffordshire terrier; they also have the same kind of coat close to the skin with a glossy shine. Both breeds are to be an average shedding dog, and very clean. They should be brush on a regular basis, as this helps their coat keep their shine. The Boxer colors are either fawn and white or brindle. However, on the American Staffordshire terrier, they pretty much can be any color including being brindle, fawn and white. In summary, both breeds have their good and bad qualities. It all depends on the owner and the training the dog receives. The Boxer rates number five in popularity; considered one of the best guard dogs, as well as a good family pet. The Boxer also has another advantage over the American Staffordshire, and that it is excellent with all children. Finally, the Boxer also does well with other pets in the household. Not like the American Staffordshire terrier, where it needs raised with the family from puppyhood. References American kennel club-boxer. (2005, March 30). In akc. org. Retrieved December 17, 2010, from akc. org/breeds/boxer/ Bulldog-Boxer. (2010, June 29). In bulldog breeds. com. Retrieved December 18, 2010, from bulldogbreeds. com/boxer. html American kennel club-american staffordshire terrier. (n. d. ). In akc. org. Retrieved December 20, 2010, from akc. org/breeds/american_staffordshire_terrier/ Dog breeds american staffordshire terriers. (n. d. ). In five star dog. com. Retrieved December 19, 2010, from 5stardog. com/dog-breeds-american-staffordshire-terrier. asp

Weirding the War by Stephen Berry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Weirding the War by Stephen Berry - Essay Example He also addresses other pertinent issues like analyzing whether the civil war played a part in destroying or reinforcing the cult of domesticity in America. Finally, a review of other author’s books is done to see whether they can gladly be explained by Stephen’s ‘weirding’ the war ideology (Berry, 2011). The definition of gender roles provides a description of these roles as being, the different duties assigned to an individual based on their gender. Gender is a socially constructed term used to refer to an individual’s social or legal status. Its ascription is on the basis of the biological dispositions which differentiate men from women. The antebellum attitudes affected the gender roles as seen in the three different articles. A general background appraisal of the attitudes which existed during this era clearly shows the disparities present in the gender roles assigned to different people. These disparities influenced the day-to-day interactions of different people. The formation of attitudes is as a result of influence from different factors such as, political alliances, economic status or race. For example, race influenced people’s attitudes in a tremendous way. ... The formation of political alliances also played a great role in the formation of people’s attitudes. The Southern states possessed different political ideologies from the Northern states which created tension and culminated in the start of the Civil war. One of these ideologies was; the Northern states advocated for the abolishment of the slave trade whereas the Southern states seemed to be profiting from slavery. â€Å"The Tale of the Three Kates† by LeeAnn Whites illustrates the way economic status also influenced the formation of people’s attitudes especially in relation to gender roles. The antebellum society's influence was from the male culture which affected all sectors of society. Meaning, men had the authority to own property, unlike women. Therefore, the roles assigned to men included those that allowed them to acquire property. In addition, the economic status ascribed to women depended on the status ascribed to their fathers or husbands (Berry, 2011) . All the books also attempt to analyze whether the cult of domesticity experienced some effects by the civil war. This begs the question, what did the phrase ‘cult of domesticity mean’ in the first place. It referred to the pre-existing culture of the people living in the antebellum period. It confined women to play a domesticated role which included running the households and nurturing their children. On the other hand, the men worked tirelessly striving to make a living to support their families. It was, therefore, unheard of to find women working with the men in the different industries. However, this soon changed when the war started. It destroyed the cult of domesticity by redefining the roles ascribed to people based on their gender. The women had to fill in the vacant